When Napoleon smashed open the ghetto gates of Europe, it set in motion a great change in the way Jews of Western and Central Europe thought of themselves. They were no longer members of an alien race, but French or Germans of " the Mosaic persuasion." As the German states became the center of intellectual development in the 19th century ( Kant,Hegel,-Marx, later Nietzsche, Freud, Einstein) Jews adopted German "Kultur"as their own.
That identity of "Mosaic persuasion" rather than ethnic or race was destroyed by the developments that began in the Romantic reaction to the Enlightenment and the rise of a rabid nationalism, which could not accept the Jew under any circumstances. That illusion exploded completely with the rise to power of Hitler and Nazism in Germany, Austria and had counterparts throughout Europe.
As the newly founded German and Austria Republics started to collapse and give way to the Third Reich, many of the best and brightest of Central Europeans, especially Jews, flocked to the golden shores of California to continue their invaluable work in film, music, literature, the physical sciences and the social sciences , thereby shaping American civilization as it is today.
To understand the background of the Jews of western Europe, go to:
http://www.rabbinorbert.com/2021/06/how-jewish-hunchback-conquered-gates-of.html
http://www.rabbinorbert.com/2021/06/the-jewish-response-to-modernity-after.html
http://www.rabbinorbert.com/2021/06/the-jewish-trinity-that-took-down-world.html
http://www.rabbinorbert.com/2021/06/the-jewish-trinity-that-took-down-world_30.html
http://www.rabbinorbert.com/2021/07/the-jewish-trinity-that-took-down-world.html
http://www.rabbinorbert.com/2021/08/buber-and-rosenzweig-odd-couple-who.html
The Hollywood film industry was greatly enriched by Jewish refugees from German-speaking lands: Hedy Lamarr, Peter Lorre, Ernst Lubitch, Fritz Lang, for example.
" The history of Hollywood cannot be told without highlighting the major role played by two waves of Jewish immigration to the United States: those who arrived in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a group that founded many of the most important movie studios and helped establish Hollywood as the center of the American film industry, and those who arrived in the 1930s after the rise of the Nazis, a group that included a multitude of talents both in front of and behind the camera. "
As the Third Reich tightened its grip on German society and Austrian society, Jews were squeezed out of all professions. Musicians, Conductors, and Composers were desperate to find safe haven.
"It is estimated that approximately 1,500 musicians fled Europe for the United States between 1933 and 1944, driven out by Nazism and anti-Jewish laws. This flow of concert players, orchestra conductors, composers and musicologists, most often of Germanic culture, led to an incomparable blossoming of American musical life, and helped establish musicology as a university discipline. ...
...
Those who had already composed film scores in Germany brought their know-how, such as Frederick Hollander (1896-1976) and Franz Waxman (1906-1967). Hollander, who had become famous in 1930 with the music for Blue Angel, enjoyed great success in Hollywood, being nominated for four Oscars and composing the music for approximately a hundred films, including for George Cukor, Ernst Lubitsch, and Billy Wilder. Waxman wrote approximately 150 film scores, including Philadelphia Story and Hitchcock’s Rebecca, Suspicion, and The Paradine Case. Nominated twelve times for an Oscar, he won two for Sunset Boulevard (1950) and A Place in the Sun (1951).
Hanns Eisler (1898-1962) composed the music for numerous films, notably for Fritz Lang (Hangmen Also Die), but was expelled by McCarthyism in 1948. Kurt Weill (1900-1950), who had worked for Brecht, composed for Broadway (especially Lady in the Dark, over lyrics by Ira Gershwin, and One Touch of Venus). However, Ralph Benatzky (1884-1957), who wrote the famous operetta The White Horse Inn in Berlin in 1930, was unable to establish himself, as was Eric Zeisl (1905-1959)."
Schoenberg was renowned for his experimental music, exploring atonality and the twelve-tone
scale. He was a major influence on other composers, such as George Gershwin. Yet finding his true place in the new land, in southern California, was a challenge. This essay describes how such musicians and creative artists made their way here.
https://www.berliner-philharmoniker.de/en/stories/arnold-schoenberg-in-exile/
Frederick Hollander, who had begun his music career composing music for the film industry in Germany, found a new home here with the film industry in Los Angeles.
" Hollander’s long and successful film career began auspiciously in 1929, when he was hired to compose the music for Joseph Von Sternberg’s landmark film “The Blue Angel” (“Der blaue Engel”). Marlene Dietrich’s sultry rendition of “Falling In Love Again” (“Ich bin von Kopf bis Fuss auf Liebe eingestellt”) propelled both the actress and the song to international success and legendary status. “Falling In Love Again” remains Hollander’s signature piece and has been interpreted by recording artists as diverse as Brian Ferry, Billie Holiday, Count Basie, Dionne Warwick, Petula Clark, Greta Keller, Linda Ronstadt, Jean Sablon, Udo Lindenberg, Nana Mouskouri, Leontyne Price, Ute Lemper, Sammy Davis Jr. and the Beatles. "
https://www.pbs.org/wnet/cinemasexiles/biographies/the-composers/biography-frederick-hollander/200/
Out of Vienna, Berlin and Frankfurt came a cadre of scholars of the mind ,( Freud, Adler, Lewin, Fromm, Frankl, for example) that shaped psychology and sociology as we know it today. With the rise of the Third Reich, they had to flee to safety. One of those founding figures was Ernst Simmel, who made his home in Los Angeles and founded the Los Angeles Psychoanalytic Society and Institute.
On his significance:
"The Record Group RG-08, Dr. Ernst Simmel, Papers, 1908 -- 1947, comprises collections and sub-collection related to his professional and public activities in German and in America.
By and large, we may relate the German period as the one that is represented by Dr. Simmel's professional narratives published in international psychoanalytic periodicals, his organizational work as a Director of Sanitarium Schloss Tegel in Berlin, his professional teaching and research work in the Psychoanalytic Institute in Berlin, as well as his international scientific participation in conferences and like.
Dr. Simmel's American period, 1935 --1938, connotes profound difference from that one of Germany. He becomes the organizer leader and protector of the rising psychoanalytic movement in the West Coast of America.
He has taken upon himself a burden of multi-functional tasks, not always plausible in terms of accomplishing. However, Dr. Simmel being the Captain the Pilot or in official language President of the Psychoanalytic Study Group of Los Angeles in 1935 -- 1944, has laid the foundation of Psychoanalysis as the new Science in the Los Angeles. The later evolved psychoanalytic institutions inherited and ramified the fundamentals of Psychoanalytic Science organized and steered up by Dr. Ernst Simmel.
The German period represented in the Record Group largely by publications, then the American period overall comprises correspondences between Dr. Simmel and other scholars or officials as well as his narrative in the theme of Psychoanalysis in English language.
A separate theme of these collections is Dr. Simmel multi-vectorial activity as President of the Psychoanalytic Study Group of Los Angeles. In this regard, the collections well represent numerous records of scientific, business, council and other periodic gathering of the members of the Psychoanalytic Study Group of Los Angeles.
Dr. Simmel left a large corpus of personal and official correspondences, overall in English language with a number of correspondences in German language.
All in all, this Record Group of Dr. Ernst Simmel is of the immense historical value would it be scholarship, teaching, training or merely the History of Psychoanalysis as the Science." ( taken from Dr Vladmir Melamed's introduction to the archives :https://ncpla.libraryhost.com/?p=collections/findingaid&id=4&q=&rootcontentid=199
Also https://www.n-c-p.org/_Library/Archive_Documents/The_NCP_Online_Archive_Introductory_Essay_003.pdf
As with the invention of the computer, the technology that made Wi-Fi possible came about during another devastating global event: World War II. The head inventor wasn’t a scientist or engineer, but a famous Hollywood actress with an obsession with tinkering.
This is her story:
The man who shed light on the Genocide of the Armenians, was a Jewish writer from Vienna. On his way to find refuge in southern California, he was inspired to create an award winning novel, that became an award winning movie, The Song of Bernadette, to honor a Catholic saint. His last play, reflecting upon the persecution of Jews by the Germans, Jakobowsky and the Colonel, became a movie with Danny Kaye, Me and the Colonel. Like so many Jewish intellectuals of the period, and as far back as Joseph of the Bible, he carried many personas.
While some German Jewish intellectuals were of conflicted identity ( such as Karl Marx or Heinrich Heine) Lion Feuchtwanger was both a highly acclaimed German writer and an openly Jewish writer in his choice of themes, most notably in the novel Jud Suess, The Jew Suess, about a famous Jewish advisor to German royalty who falls from grace, is sentenced to death, and declares the Sh'ma as he is about to be executed.
" LION FEUCHTWANGER was a famous German novelist who lived from 1884 to 1958. Known worldwide for his historical studies of Benjamin Franklin, the Spanish painter Goya, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and such subjects as the Salem witch hunt, the French Revolution and Rome during the first century. Many of his works attempted to come to terms with the Jewish experience in different eras and settings. Feuchtwanger escaped from Nazi Germany on the eve of World War II, living first in Southern France and ultimately fleeing Europe in 1940 to spend his final years in Los Angeles. "
https://libguides.usc.edu/c.php?g=234957&p=1559413
The Villa Aurora was the new home for the great German intellectuals who made " Weimar on the Pacific". https://www.vatmh.org/en/marta-and-lion-feuchtwanger.html
Image of Villa Aurora Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.
How a Hidden Past Was Uncovered
Many Jews who fled Hitler came to these shores seekng life and liberty, yet were fearful that the plague of Jew-hatred would follow them to these shores. They thought to spare their children the danger they faced as Jews. Here is the story of how one of HTBEs members discovered his family account.
Brief cameos of people who made HTBE their new home
Cameos of German and Central European Jewish Refugees at HTBE, taken from eulogy notes of Rabbi Norbert Weinberg
Mitteleuropa, Central Europe, is a concept describing the common cultural features of German speaking countries, or countries that had come under the control of either the German or the Austro-Hungarian Empires in the 1800’s. That covered such disparate regions as Switzerland from the west to the Balkans and the Baltic regions, as well as western Ukraine.
More stories of refugees from the Third Reich
Part II of Cameos of German and Central European Jewish Refugees at HTBE, taken from eulogy notes of Rabbi Norbert Weinberg
Mitteleuropa, Central Europe, is a concept describing the common cultural features of German speaking countries, or countries that had come under the control of either the German or the Austro-Hungarian Empires in the 1800’s. That covered such disparate regions as Switzerland from the west to the Balkans and the Baltic regions, as well as western Ukraine.
Along with academics, writers, and musicians, some of Germany's greatest Jewish scholars and Rabbis came to these shores, many settling in California. Rabbi Norbert Weinberg, himself son of a leading Rabbi of post-Holocaust Germany, Wilhelm Weinberg, makes mention of some of LA's Jewish spiritual leadership that escaped the Nazi regime, such as :
Rabbi Max Nussbaum, of Temple Israel, the closest neighbor to Hollywood Temple Beth El
Rabbi Alfred Wolf, Wilshire Blvd Temple
Berthold Woythaler, University of Judaism
To find more Rabbis who came here from Germany you can follow the link below
Copyright © 2025 MEMORY IN ACTION: EMBRACING THE PAST FOR THE FUTURE - All Rights Reserved.
Powered by GoDaddy
We use cookies to analyze website traffic and optimize your website experience. By accepting our use of cookies, your data will be aggregated with all other user data.